{"id":1901,"date":"2025-10-15T18:46:39","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T18:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/?p=1901"},"modified":"2025-10-21T13:19:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T13:19:12","slug":"vietnam-customs-clearance-companies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/vietnam-customs-clearance-companies\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti poskytuj\u00fa slu\u017eby coln\u00e9ho konania pri dovoze z Vietnamu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Orient\u00e1cia v zlo\u017eit\u00fdch vietnamsk\u00fdch coln\u00fdch predpisoch m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm zdr\u017eaniam, probl\u00e9mom s dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm predpisov a neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdm poplatkom. Spolupr\u00e1ca so sk\u00fasen\u00fdmi coln\u00fdmi sprostredkovate\u013emi m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 rozdiel medzi bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fdm dovozom a v\u00fdrobkami, ktor\u00e9 uviazli v colnej neistote.<\/p>\n

Medzi spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa slu\u017eby coln\u00e9ho odbavenia dovozu z Vietnamu, patria VNT Logistics, USA Customs Clearance, JojoShip Vietnam, KMG, TOGHN\/ILT, FasTrans, MBF Vietnam a ELS Logistics. Tieto firmy pon\u00fakaj\u00fa odborn\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti dokument\u00e1cie, coln\u00e9ho zaradenia, v\u00fdpo\u010dtu cla a dodr\u017eiavania vietnamsk\u00fdch aj americk\u00fdch coln\u00fdch predpisov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Customs
Coln\u00edk kontroluje dovozn\u00fa dokument\u00e1ciu z Vietnamu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le si pam\u00e4t\u00e1m, ako som pom\u00e1hal klientovi, ktor\u00fd sa pok\u00fa\u0161al s\u00e1m vybavi\u0165 coln\u00e9 odbavenie z\u00e1sielky n\u00e1bytku z Vietnamu. Ich tovar bol v pr\u00edstave zadr\u017ean\u00fd viac ako tri t\u00fd\u017edne kv\u00f4li nespr\u00e1vnym k\u00f3dom harmonizovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (HS) a ch\u00fdbaj\u00facim osved\u010deniam o p\u00f4vode. K\u00fdm kone\u010dne anga\u017eovali profesion\u00e1lneho coln\u00e9ho sprostredkovate\u013ea, vznikli im tis\u00edce na skladovac\u00edch poplatkoch a zme\u0161kali d\u00e1tum uvedenia tovaru na trh. Dovo\u013ete mi, aby som sa s vami podelil o to, \u010do som sa nau\u010dil o h\u013eadan\u00ed spr\u00e1vneho partnera pre coln\u00e9 odbavenie v\u00e1\u0161ho dovozu z Vietnamu.<\/p>\n

Ako z\u00edska\u0165 coln\u00e9 odbavenie vo Vietname?<\/h2>\n

Orient\u00e1cia vo vietnamskom colnom syst\u00e9me m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 v\u010faka jeho jedine\u010dn\u00fdm postupom, po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m na dokument\u00e1ciu a \u010dast\u00fdm regula\u010dn\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdch dovozcov zasko\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Na coln\u00e9 odbavenie vo Vietname je potrebn\u00e9 predlo\u017ei\u0165 formul\u00e1r coln\u00e9ho vyhl\u00e1senia, obchodn\u00fa fakt\u00faru, baliaci zoznam, n\u00e1kladn\u00fd list\/leteck\u00fd n\u00e1kladn\u00fd list a pr\u00edpadne aj osved\u010denia o p\u00f4vode, in\u0161pekciu alebo povolenia \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre dan\u00fd v\u00fdrobok. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dovozcov si naj\u00edma licencovan\u00e9ho vietnamsk\u00e9ho coln\u00e9ho sprostredkovate\u013ea, aby tento proces zvl\u00e1dol presne a efekt\u00edvne.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Vietnamese
Vietnamsk\u00ed coln\u00edci kontroluj\u00fa dokument\u00e1ciu n\u00e1kladu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Postupn\u00e9 kroky pri colnom konan\u00ed vo Vietname<\/h3>\n

Pochopenie procesu coln\u00e9ho konania vo Vietname v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee predv\u00edda\u0165 po\u017eiadavky a spr\u00e1vne sa pripravi\u0165. Po tom, \u010do som vybavil nespo\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo z\u00e1sielok na vietnamskom colnom \u00farade, som zostavil tento podrobn\u00fd rozpis procesu a k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Krok<\/th>\nPopis<\/th>\nPo\u017eadovan\u00e9 dokumenty<\/th>\nTypick\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec<\/th>\nK\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 \u00favahy<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1. Pr\u00edprava pred coln\u00fdm konan\u00edm<\/td>\nZhroma\u017e\u010fovanie a pr\u00edprava v\u0161etk\u00fdch potrebn\u00fdch dokumentov<\/td>\nObchodn\u00e1 fakt\u00fara, baliaci zoznam, prepravn\u00e9 doklady<\/td>\n1-2 dni pred pr\u00edchodom<\/td>\nZabezpe\u010denie presnej zhody dokumentov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Coln\u00e1 registr\u00e1cia<\/td>\nRegistr\u00e1cia vo vietnamskom colnom syst\u00e9me<\/td>\nObchodn\u00e1 licencia, da\u0148ov\u00fd k\u00f3d<\/td>\nJednorazov\u00fd proces<\/td>\n\u010casto vybavuje makl\u00e9r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. K\u00f3d HS Klasifik\u00e1cia<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\nUr\u010denie spr\u00e1vnych tarifn\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/td>\n\u0160pecifik\u00e1cie v\u00fdrobkov, technick\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia<\/td>\n1-2 dni<\/td>\nKritick\u00e9 pre spr\u00e1vne pos\u00fadenie povinnost\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Elektronick\u00e9 coln\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senie<\/td>\nPredlo\u017eenie elektronick\u00e9ho coln\u00e9ho vyhl\u00e1senia do coln\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/td>\nKompletn\u00fd bal\u00edk dokument\u00e1cie<\/td>\n1 de\u0148 pred pr\u00edchodom<\/td>\nSyst\u00e9m m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1ladov\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. Overovanie dokumentov<\/td>\nColn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va sk\u00fama predlo\u017een\u00e9 dokumenty<\/td>\nM\u00f4\u017eu sa vy\u017eadova\u0165 origin\u00e1lne verzie<\/td>\n1-2 dni<\/td>\nM\u00f4\u017ee si vy\u017eadova\u0165 vysvetlenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6. Fyzick\u00e1 kontrola (ak je vybran\u00e1)<\/td>\nColn\u00e1 kontrola n\u00e1kladu<\/td>\nOzn\u00e1menie o in\u0161pekcii<\/td>\n1-3 dni<\/td>\nN\u00e1hodn\u00fd v\u00fdber alebo v\u00fdber na z\u00e1klade rizika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7. Platba cla a dan\u00ed<\/td>\n\u00dahrada v\u0161etk\u00fdch platn\u00fdch poplatkov<\/td>\nOzn\u00e1menie o vymeran\u00ed cla<\/td>\n1 de\u0148<\/td>\nMus\u00ed by\u0165 zaplaten\u00e9 pred vydan\u00edm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8. Uvo\u013enenie n\u00e1kladu<\/td>\nKone\u010dn\u00e9 schv\u00e1lenie a prepustenie tovaru<\/td>\nPoradie vyd\u00e1vania<\/td>\n1 de\u0148<\/td>\nVy\u017eaduje sa coln\u00e1 pe\u010diatka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ke\u010f som za\u010dal koordinova\u0165 z\u00e1sielky z Vietnamu, prekvapilo ma, ak\u00e9 odli\u0161n\u00e9 s\u00fa ich coln\u00e9 postupy v porovnan\u00ed s in\u00fdmi \u00e1zijsk\u00fdmi krajinami. Vietnam napr\u00edklad st\u00e1le vy\u017eaduje origin\u00e1ly mnoh\u00fdch dokumentov, ktor\u00e9 in\u00e9 krajiny prij\u00edmaj\u00fa elektronicky. Spolupr\u00e1ca so sprostredkovate\u013eom, ako je TOGHN alebo MBF Vietnam, n\u00e1m u\u0161etrila nespo\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo bolest\u00ed hlavy, preto\u017ee t\u00fdmto nuans\u00e1m rozumeli.<\/p>\n

Elektronick\u00fd coln\u00fd syst\u00e9m vo Vietname (VNACCS\/VCIS<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup>) zjednodu\u0161ila mnoh\u00e9 procesy, ale st\u00e1le si vy\u017eaduje odborn\u00e9 znalosti na spr\u00e1vne ovl\u00e1danie. Ke\u010f sa jeden z mojich klientov pok\u00fa\u0161al spracova\u0165 vyhl\u00e1senia s\u00e1m, jeho podania boli neust\u00e1le zamietan\u00e9 kv\u00f4li drobn\u00fdm technick\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m. Po prechode na slu\u017ebu coln\u00e9ho sprostredkovania spolo\u010dnosti KMG sa \u010das ich coln\u00e9ho konania skr\u00e1til z priemern\u00fdch 5-7 dn\u00ed na iba 2 dni.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm \u010dast\u00fdm kame\u0148om \u00farazu s\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne povolenia a licencie. Vietnam vy\u017eaduje osobitn\u00e9 povolenia pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie v\u00fdrobkov, ako s\u00fa elektronika, potraviny a kozmetika. Raz sa mi stalo, \u017ee z\u00e1sielka v\u00fdrobkov na starostlivos\u0165 o ple\u0165 bola zadr\u017ean\u00e1 takmer mesiac, preto\u017ee dovozca nevedel, \u017ee potrebuje povolenie od vietnamsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zdravotn\u00edctva. Spolupr\u00e1ca so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou ELS Logistics mohla tomuto probl\u00e9mu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, preto\u017ee sa \u0161pecializuje na z\u00edskavanie t\u00fdchto \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch povolen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vietnamsk\u00e9 coln\u00e9 org\u00e1ny tie\u017e \u010dasto vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa fyzick\u00e9 kontroly<\/a>3<\/a><\/sup>, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade nov\u00fdch dovozcov alebo neobvykl\u00fdch vzorcov z\u00e1sielok. Licencovan\u00ed sprostredkovatelia ako FasTrans alebo Saigon Worldwide Express maj\u00fa vybudovan\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s coln\u00fdmi \u00faradn\u00edkmi a rozumej\u00fa tomu, ako pripravi\u0165 z\u00e1sielku na kontrolu, \u010d\u00edm sa v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje riziko oneskorenia.<\/p>\n

Spolo\u010dnosti ako JojoShip Vietnam pon\u00fakaj\u00fa podnikom dov\u00e1\u017eaj\u00facim z Vietnamu do USA komplexn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 sa zaoberaj\u00fa v\u00fdvozn\u00fdm coln\u00fdm konan\u00edm vo Vietname aj dovozn\u00fdm coln\u00fdm konan\u00edm v USA. Tento obojstrann\u00fd pr\u00edstup odstra\u0148uje probl\u00e9my s koordin\u00e1ciou a zabezpe\u010duje spr\u00e1vnu pr\u00edpravu dokument\u00e1cie pre po\u017eiadavky oboch kraj\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\n

Platia sa dovozn\u00e9 cl\u00e1 z Vietnamu do USA?<\/h2>\n

Pochopenie coln\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre presn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty n\u00e1kladov na vykl\u00e1dku, ale mnoh\u00ed dovozcovia s\u00fa zm\u00e4ten\u00ed zlo\u017eit\u00fdmi coln\u00fdmi sadzobn\u00edkmi a obchodn\u00fdmi dohodami, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa obchod medzi Vietnamom a USA.<\/p>\n

\u00c1no, na tovar zasielan\u00fd z Vietnamu do USA sa vz\u0165ahuje dovozn\u00e9 clo, ktor\u00e9ho sadzby sa l\u00ed\u0161ia pod\u013ea typu v\u00fdrobku. Na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu tovaru sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 sadzby pod\u013ea dolo\u017eky najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhod (MFN), ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne pohybuj\u00fa v rozmedz\u00ed 0-25%. Na rozdiel od niektor\u00fdch kraj\u00edn nem\u00e1 Vietnam s USA komplexn\u00fa dohodu o vo\u013enom obchode, ktor\u00e1 by tieto cl\u00e1 zru\u0161ila.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"US
Coln\u00e1 a hrani\u010dn\u00e1 ochrana USA sprac\u00fava dovoz z Vietnamu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Pochopenie dovozn\u00fdch ciel na vietnamsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/h3>\n

Dovozn\u00e9 cl\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu pri dovoze z Vietnamu v\u00fdrazne ovplyvni\u0165 va\u0161e celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vykl\u00e1dku. Na z\u00e1klade mojich sk\u00fasenost\u00ed so spr\u00e1vou r\u00f4znych kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed v\u00fdrobkov som vytvoril tento preh\u013ead typick\u00fdch coln\u00fdch scen\u00e1rov a \u00favah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kateg\u00f3ria produktov<\/th>\nTypick\u00e1 sadzba dovozn\u00e9ho cla v USA<\/th>\nOsobitn\u00e9 \u00favahy<\/th>\nPotenci\u00e1lne v\u00fdnimky<\/th>\nPotrebn\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Odevy a textil<\/td>\n16-32%<\/td>\nV niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch podliehaj\u00fa textiln\u00fdm kv\u00f3tam<\/td>\nV s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je k dispoz\u00edcii<\/td>\nOsved\u010denie o p\u00f4vode<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1bytok<\/td>\n0-4.7%<\/td>\nZlo\u017eenie materi\u00e1lu ovplyv\u0148uje r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/td>\nNiektor\u00e9 dreven\u00e9 predmety<\/td>\nRozdelenie materi\u00e1lu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elektronika<\/td>\n0-5%<\/td>\nOpr\u00e1vnenos\u0165 komponentov FTA<\/td>\nDohoda o informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch<\/a>5<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\nTechnick\u00e9 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Obuv<\/td>\n8-67.5%<\/td>\nExtr\u00e9mne variabiln\u00e9 pod\u013ea materi\u00e1lu<\/td>\nV s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je k dispoz\u00edcii<\/td>\nPodrobn\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia v\u00fdrobku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Morsk\u00e9 plody<\/td>\n0-15%<\/td>\nVy\u017eaduje sa kontrola FDA<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\nNiektor\u00e9 druhy chovan\u00e9 na farm\u00e1ch<\/td>\nFormul\u00e1r NOAA, zdravotn\u00e9 osved\u010denia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Remesl\u00e1<\/td>\n0-6.6%<\/td>\nV\u00fdzvy v oblasti klasifik\u00e1cie<\/td>\nNiektor\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 polo\u017eky<\/td>\nRemeseln\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stroje<\/td>\n0-5%<\/td>\n\u010casti vs. kompletn\u00e9 stroje<\/td>\nNiektor\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 zariadenia<\/td>\nTechnick\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske v\u00fdrobky<\/td>\n0-20%<\/td>\nIn\u0161pekcia USDA, mo\u017en\u00e9 kv\u00f3ty<\/td>\nNiektor\u00e9 tropick\u00e9 produkty<\/td>\nFytosanit\u00e1rne osved\u010denia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pri dlhoro\u010dnej pr\u00e1ci s vietnamsk\u00fdm v\u00fdvozom som zistil, \u017ee pos\u00fadenie cla m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ve\u013emi diferencovan\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad klient dov\u00e1\u017eaj\u00faci dreven\u00fd n\u00e1bytok z Vietnamu platil clo 3,2%, k\u00fdm sme nezistili, \u017ee jeden konkr\u00e9tny rad v\u00fdrobkov sp\u013a\u0148a podmienky na oslobodenie od cla na z\u00e1klade sp\u00f4sobu jeho v\u00fdroby. Coln\u00fd sprostredkovate\u013e, ktor\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edvali, nebol dostato\u010dne obozn\u00e1men\u00fd s klasifik\u00e1ciou dreven\u00e9ho n\u00e1bytku, aby t\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165 identifikoval.<\/p>\n

Na rozdiel od niektor\u00fdch susedn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn Vietnam v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nevyu\u017e\u00edva \u017eiadnu komplexn\u00fa dohodu o vo\u013enom obchode s USA. To niekedy sp\u00f4sobuje zm\u00e4tok medzi dovozcami, ktor\u00ed predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u0161etky \u00e1zijsk\u00e9 krajiny maj\u00fa podobn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie. Spolo\u010dnosti ako USA Customs Clearance a JojoShip Vietnam sa \u0161pecializuj\u00fa na obchod medzi Vietnamom a USA a s\u00fa neust\u00e1le informovan\u00e9 o \u0161pecifick\u00fdch coln\u00fdch re\u017eimoch, ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na vietnamsk\u00fd tovar.<\/p>\n

Str\u00e1nka Program v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu preferenci\u00ed (GSP)<\/a>7<\/a><\/sup> sa pr\u00edle\u017eitostne vz\u0165ahuje na niektor\u00e9 vietnamsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, ale opr\u00e1vnenos\u0165 sa \u010dasto men\u00ed. Pri spolupr\u00e1ci so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou VNT Logistics pomohli jedn\u00e9mu z mojich klientov zisti\u0165, kedy sa na jeho dekorat\u00edvne remeseln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky do\u010dasne vz\u0165ahuje re\u017eim GSP, \u010d\u00edm sa po\u010das tohto obdobia u\u0161etrili tis\u00edce eur na cle.<\/p>\n

Antidumpingov\u00e9 a vyrovn\u00e1vacie cl\u00e1 predstavuj\u00fa pre niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky z Vietnamu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 riziko. Napr\u00edklad vietnamsk\u00fd dreven\u00fd n\u00e1bytok do sp\u00e1lne \u010delil v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch antidumpingov\u00fdm cl\u00e1m dosahuj\u00facim 200%. Coln\u00ed sprostredkovatelia, ako napr\u00edklad Saigon Pacific Cargo a ALP Logistics Vietnam, pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri spr\u00e1vnej klasifik\u00e1cii v\u00fdrobkov, aby ste sa pred dovozom uistili, \u017ee ste si vedom\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch tak\u00fdchto osobitn\u00fdch ciel.<\/p>\n

Priradenie k\u00f3du harmonizovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (HS) je pravdepodobne najkritickej\u0161\u00edm faktorom pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed cla. Videl som, \u017ee r\u00f4zni sprostredkovatelia priradili identick\u00fdm v\u00fdrobkom r\u00f4zne k\u00f3dy HS, \u010do viedlo k v\u00fdrazne odli\u0161n\u00e9mu stanoveniu cla. Spolupr\u00e1ca so \u0161pecialistami, ako s\u00fa KMG alebo MBF Vietnam, ktor\u00ed rozumej\u00fa vietnamsk\u00fdm v\u00fdvozn\u00fdm k\u00f3dom aj dovozn\u00fdm k\u00f3dom USA, zabezpe\u010duje konzistentn\u00e9 a presn\u00e9 zatriedenie.<\/p>\n

\n

Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd za dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie?<\/h2>\n

Pochopenie povinnost\u00ed pri colnom konan\u00ed zabra\u0148uje n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm oneskoreniam a nejasnostiam v tom, kto sa star\u00e1 o ktor\u00e9 aspekty dovozn\u00e9ho procesu.<\/p>\n

Strana zodpovedn\u00e1 za dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od prepravn\u00fdch podmienok (Incoterms). Pri podmienkach DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) sa coln\u00fdm odbaven\u00edm zaober\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci\/v\u00fdvozca. Pri podmienkach DAP\/DAT (Delivered at Place\/Terminal) je za coln\u00e9 odbavenie zodpovedn\u00fd kupuj\u00faci\/dovozca. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z\u00e1sielok medzi Vietnamom a USA sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje za podmienok FOB alebo EXW, pri\u010dom za coln\u00e9 odbavenie je zodpovedn\u00fd dovozca.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Incoterms
Graf zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00faci r\u00f4zne Incoterms a povinnosti coln\u00e9ho konania<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Objasnenie povinnost\u00ed pri colnom konan\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Presn\u00e9 pochopenie toho, kto sa zaober\u00e1 jednotliv\u00fdmi aspektmi coln\u00e9ho konania, je nevyhnutn\u00e9 na zabr\u00e1nenie oneskoreniam a zabezpe\u010denie s\u00faladu s predpismi. Na z\u00e1klade mojich sk\u00fasenost\u00ed s riaden\u00edm obchodu medzi Vietnamom a USA uv\u00e1dzam komplexn\u00e9 rozdelenie povinnost\u00ed v r\u00f4znych be\u017en\u00fdch scen\u00e1roch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Scen\u00e1r<\/th>\nPovolenie na v\u00fdvoz<\/th>\nOdbavenie dovozu<\/th>\nDokument\u00e1cia<\/th>\nPlatba cla<\/th>\nOptim\u00e1lny poskytovate\u013e slu\u017eieb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Podmienky FOB<\/td>\nVietnamsk\u00fd dod\u00e1vate\u013e\/agent<\/td>\nDovozca\/sprostredkovate\u013e z USA<\/td>\nSpolo\u010dn\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165<\/td>\nDovozca do USA<\/td>\nSamostatn\u00ed sprostredkovatelia v ka\u017edej krajine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Podmienky EXW<\/td>\nZ\u00e1stupca dovozcu z USA vo Vietname<\/td>\nDovozca\/sprostredkovate\u013e z USA<\/td>\nZodpovednos\u0165 dovozcu do USA<\/td>\nDovozca do USA<\/td>\nIntegrovan\u00e1 slu\u017eba ako JojoShip Vietnam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Podmienky DDP<\/td>\nZ\u00e1stupca vietnamsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozcu<\/td>\nSprostredkovate\u013e vietnamsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozcu v USA<\/td>\nVietnamsk\u00fd v\u00fdvozca<\/td>\nZahrnut\u00e9 v cene v\u00fdrobku<\/td>\nVietnamsk\u00fd dopravca so sie\u0165ou v USA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Podmienky CIF<\/td>\nVietnamsk\u00fd dod\u00e1vate\u013e\/agent<\/td>\nDovozca\/sprostredkovate\u013e z USA<\/td>\nVietnamsk\u00fd dod\u00e1vate\u013e poskytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 dokumenty<\/td>\nDovozca do USA<\/td>\nKoordin\u00e1cia medzi oboma stranami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u0161pedit\u00e9ra<\/td>\n\u010casto je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou slu\u017eby<\/td>\nM\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 doplnkov\u00e1 slu\u017eba<\/td>\nForwarder pom\u00e1ha obom stran\u00e1m<\/td>\nZvy\u010dajne dovozca<\/td>\nPoskytovate\u013e komplexn\u00fdch logistick\u00fdch slu\u017eieb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Samostatn\u00e9 podanie (zriedkav\u00e9)<\/td>\nVy\u017eaduje vietnamsk\u00e9ho agenta<\/td>\nPriamo s CBP USA<\/td>\nDovozca priprav\u00ed v\u0161etky<\/td>\nDovozca do USA<\/td>\nNeodpor\u00fa\u010da sa bez sk\u00fasenost\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa stret\u00e1vam s nedorozumeniami t\u00fdkaj\u00facimi sa z\u00e1sielok na Podmienky FOB (Free On Board)<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup>, kde sa mnoh\u00ed nov\u00ed dovozcovia mylne domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee dod\u00e1vate\u013e vybavuje v\u0161etko a\u017e do pr\u00edchodu do USA. V skuto\u010dnosti sa FOB vz\u0165ahuje len na povinnosti do nalo\u017eenia tovaru na lo\u010f vo Vietname - v\u0161etko potom, vr\u00e1tane coln\u00e9ho odbavenia v USA, pripad\u00e1 dovozcovi.<\/p>\n

Spom\u00ednam si na klienta, ktor\u00fd si objednal stroje z Vietnamu za podmienok FOB. Ke\u010f z\u00e1sielka dorazila do Los Angeles, bol \u0161okovan\u00fd, ke\u010f zistil, \u017ee si mus\u00ed s\u00e1m vybavi\u0165 coln\u00e9 odbavenie. Tovar zostal v pr\u00edstave, kde sa \u00fa\u010dtovali poplatky za zdr\u017eanie, viac ako t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148, k\u00fdm sa nar\u00fdchlo dohodli s coln\u00fdm \u00faradom USA, aby sa postaral o vstup. Tejto drahej lekcii sa dalo pred\u00eds\u0165 spr\u00e1vnym pl\u00e1novan\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Podnikom, ktor\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa dov\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 z Vietnamu, zvy\u010dajne odpor\u00fa\u010dam spolupracova\u0165 s komplexn\u00fd poskytovate\u013e slu\u017eieb ako JojoShip Vietnam alebo FNM Vietnam<\/a>9<\/a><\/sup> ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010duje coln\u00e9 odbavenie v\u00fdvozu do Vietnamu aj dovozu do USA. Tento integrovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup eliminuje probl\u00e9my s koordin\u00e1ciou medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi agentmi a zabezpe\u010duje hladk\u00fd tok v\u0161etk\u00fdch dokumentov z jednej strany na druh\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed Podmienky CIF (n\u00e1klady, poistenie a preprava)<\/a>10<\/a><\/sup>, \u010fal\u0161ia be\u017en\u00e1 dohoda je, \u017ee vietnamsk\u00fd dod\u00e1vate\u013e zabezpe\u010duje prepravu do pr\u00edstavu v USA, ale nie coln\u00e9 konanie. Videl som mnoho dovozcov, ktor\u00fdch tento rozdiel zasko\u010dil. Sprostredkovatelia ako VNT Logistics \u010dasto poskytuj\u00fa jasn\u00e9 pokyny t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa t\u00fdchto povinnost\u00ed, aby sa predi\u0161lo nedorozumeniam.<\/p>\n

Pre spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 pravidelne dov\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa z Vietnamu, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nadviaza\u0165 vz\u0165ahy s coln\u00ed sprostredkovatelia v oboch krajin\u00e1ch<\/a>11<\/a><\/sup> pon\u00faka najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu kontrolu. Firmy ako TOGHN\/ILT vo Vietname v spojen\u00ed so \u0161pecializovan\u00fdm americk\u00fdm coln\u00fdm sprostredkovate\u013eom v\u00e1m poskytuj\u00fa odborn\u00edkov na oboch stran\u00e1ch transakcie. Tento pr\u00edstup dobre funguje pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch dovozcov so \u0161pecializovan\u00fdmi logistick\u00fdmi t\u00edmami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu riadi\u0165 koordin\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

\n

Ko\u013eko stoj\u00ed coln\u00e9 odbavenie vo Vietname?<\/h2>\n

Transparentnos\u0165 n\u00e1kladov je be\u017enou v\u00fdzvou pri zostavovan\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu na dovoz, pri\u010dom mnoh\u00e9 podniky sa stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa s neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 poplatky a platby<\/a>12<\/a><\/sup> ktor\u00e9 neboli zahrnut\u00e9 v p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch cenov\u00fdch ponuk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Coln\u00e9 odbavenie vo Vietname zvy\u010dajne stoj\u00ed od $50-200 za z\u00e1sielku \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho tovaru plus v\u0161etky pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 cl\u00e1 a dane. T\u00e1to suma zah\u0155\u0148a poplatky za coln\u00fa deklar\u00e1ciu, manipula\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky a prov\u00edzie sprostredkovate\u013eov. Komplexn\u00e9 z\u00e1sielky vy\u017eaduj\u00face \u0161peci\u00e1lne povolenia alebo kontroly m\u00f4\u017eu st\u00e1\u0165 $250-500 alebo viac v z\u00e1vislosti od tovaru a \u00farovne slu\u017eieb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Vietnamese
Dokument zobrazuj\u00faci typick\u00e9 coln\u00e9 poplatky vo Vietname<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Rozdelenie n\u00e1kladov na coln\u00e9 konanie vo Vietname<\/h3>\n

Znalos\u0165 konkr\u00e9tnych poplatkov spojen\u00fdch s coln\u00fdm odbaven\u00edm vo Vietname v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee presne zostavi\u0165 rozpo\u010det a identifikova\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne \u00faspory n\u00e1kladov. Na z\u00e1klade mojich sk\u00fasenost\u00ed s pr\u00e1cou s r\u00f4znymi coln\u00fdmi sprostredkovate\u013emi uv\u00e1dzam podrobn\u00fd rozpis typick\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ poplatku<\/th>\nTypick\u00fd rozsah n\u00e1kladov<\/th>\n\u010co zah\u0155\u0148a<\/th>\nPremenn\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face n\u00e1klady<\/th>\nTipy na \u00fasporu n\u00e1kladov<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd poplatok za vyhl\u00e1senie<\/td>\n$50-100<\/td>\n\u0160tandardn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 spracovanie pri vstupe<\/td>\nZlo\u017eitos\u0165 tovaru, sprostredkovate\u013e<\/td>\nBal\u00edk so zasielate\u013estvom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u00f3d HS Klasifik\u00e1cia<\/a>13<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n$15-30 na v\u00fdrobok<\/td>\nColn\u00e9 zatriedenie v\u00fdrobku<\/td>\nPo\u010det jedine\u010dn\u00fdch produktov<\/td>\n\u0160tandardiz\u00e1cia kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed produktov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poplatok za coln\u00fa kontrolu<\/a>14<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n$80-150<\/td>\nFyzick\u00e1 kontrola manipul\u00e1cie<\/td>\nPravdepodobnos\u0165 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdberu<\/td>\nUdr\u017eiavanie dobrej hist\u00f3rie dodr\u017eiavania predpisov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160peci\u00e1lne povolenia\/licencie<\/a>15<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n$50-200 ka\u017ed\u00fd<\/td>\nSchv\u00e1lenia \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre dan\u00fd v\u00fdrobok<\/td>\nKateg\u00f3ria v\u00fdrobkov, po\u017eiadavky<\/td>\nPl\u00e1novanie potrebn\u00fdch povolen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pr\u00edprava dokumentov<\/td>\n$30-80<\/td>\nVytv\u00e1ranie\/rev\u00edzia dokument\u00e1cie<\/td>\nZlo\u017eitos\u0165 dokumentov<\/td>\nPoskytovanie presn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed vopred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poplatok za coln\u00fa deklar\u00e1ciu<\/td>\n$40-100<\/td>\nFinan\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1ruka na cl\u00e1<\/td>\nHodnota z\u00e1sielky<\/td>\nRo\u010dn\u00e9 dlhopisy pre pravideln\u00fdch dovozcov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poplatok za sprostredkovate\u013esk\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/td>\n$50-150<\/td>\nCelkov\u00e1 manipul\u00e1cia a odborn\u00e9 znalosti<\/td>\n\u00darove\u0148 slu\u017eieb, poves\u0165 makl\u00e9ra<\/td>\nVyjedn\u00e1vanie mno\u017estevn\u00e9 z\u013eavy<\/a>16<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spracovanie po pracovnej dobe<\/td>\n$80-150<\/td>\nZr\u00fdchlen\u00e9\/v\u00edkendov\u00e9 spracovanie<\/td>\nNa\u010dasovanie prepravy<\/td>\nPl\u00e1n po\u010das \u0161tandardn\u00fdch hod\u00edn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Skladovanie\/vyskladnenie<\/td>\n$25-100\/de\u0148<\/td>\nZadr\u017eiavanie tovaru po\u010das coln\u00e9ho konania<\/td>\nOdbavovacia r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/td>\nPripravte si dokumenty vopred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Na z\u00e1klade svojich sk\u00fasenost\u00ed s coln\u00fdm odbaven\u00edm r\u00f4znych v\u00fdrobkov z Vietnamu som zistil, \u017ee inzerovan\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 sadzby \u010dasto nevypovedaj\u00fa o v\u0161etkom. Napr\u00edklad pri dovoze elektronick\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010diastok u jedn\u00e9ho sprostredkovate\u013ea bol uveden\u00fd poplatok $80, ale dodato\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky za overenie k\u00f3du HS, spracovanie colnej kontroly a pr\u00edpravu dokumentov zv\u00fd\u0161ili skuto\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na viac ako $200.<\/p>\n

Transparentnos\u0165 sa medzi coln\u00fdmi sprostredkovate\u013emi vo Vietname v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i. Spolo\u010dnosti ako FasTrans a MBF Vietnam zvy\u010dajne poskytuj\u00fa komplexn\u00e9 ponuky vopred, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa v\u0161etky \u0161tandardn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. In\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu uvies\u0165 n\u00edzku z\u00e1kladn\u00fa sadzbu, ale nesk\u00f4r pridaj\u00fa mno\u017estvo pr\u00edplatkov. Ke\u010f som spolupracoval s Minh Van Logistics, poskytli mi podrobn\u00fd rozpis poplatkov, v ktorom boli jasne uveden\u00e9 v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 poplatky, \u010do n\u00e1m pomohlo presne zostavi\u0165 rozpo\u010det.<\/p>\n

Zlo\u017eitos\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161ho tovaru v\u00fdrazne ovplyv\u0148uje n\u00e1klady na coln\u00e9 konanie. Pri dovoze \u0161tandardn\u00fdch spotrebn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie prostredn\u00edctvom ELS Logistics st\u00e1\u0165 pribli\u017ene $100. Ke\u010f sme v\u0161ak dov\u00e1\u017eali \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 zdravotn\u00edcke vybavenie, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eadovalo povolenia ministerstva zdravotn\u00edctva, celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na coln\u00e9 konanie presiahli $450 kv\u00f4li dodato\u010dnej dokument\u00e1cii a vybavovaniu \u017eiadost\u00ed o povolenia.<\/p>\n

Mno\u017estevn\u00e9 z\u013eavy s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii, ale zriedkavo sa inzeruj\u00fa. Po vytvoren\u00ed pravideln\u00e9ho modelu prepravy so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Saigon Worldwide Express sme vyjednali 30% zn\u00ed\u017eenie ich \u0161tandardn\u00fdch poplatkov za preclenie na z\u00e1klade n\u00e1\u0161ho mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho objemu. Podobne aj spolo\u010dnos\u0165 JojoShip Vietnam pon\u00faka odstup\u0148ovan\u00e9 ceny, ktor\u00e9 automaticky zni\u017euj\u00fa n\u00e1klady na odbavenie, ke\u010f sa zvy\u0161uje frekvencia va\u0161ich z\u00e1sielok.<\/p>\n

\u010casto prehliadan\u00fdm n\u00e1kladov\u00fdm faktorom je znalos\u0165 makl\u00e9ra va\u0161ej konkr\u00e9tnej kateg\u00f3rie produktov. \u0160pecialisti v ur\u010dit\u00fdch odvetviach m\u00f4\u017eu \u010dasto spracova\u0165 odbavenie efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie a s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1kladmi. Napr\u00edklad spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ALP Logistics Vietnam sa \u0161pecializuje na elektroniku a zvy\u010dajne dok\u00e1\u017ee tieto v\u00fdrobky precli\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom probl\u00e9mov ako v\u0161eobecn\u00ed sprostredkovatelia, \u010do v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku \u0161etr\u00ed \u010das aj peniaze.<\/p>\n

Pre podniky, ktor\u00e9 prepravuj\u00fa tovar z Vietnamu do USA, poskytovatelia integrovan\u00fdch slu\u017eieb<\/a>17<\/a><\/sup> ktor\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa coln\u00e9 odbavenie v oboch krajin\u00e1ch, \u010dasto pon\u00fakaj\u00fa lep\u0161iu cenu ako samostatn\u00ed agenti. Spolo\u010dnosti ako JojoShip a VNT Logistics, ktor\u00e9 spravuj\u00fa coln\u00e9 odbavenie v\u00fdvozu do Vietnamu aj dovozu do USA, zvy\u010dajne poskytuj\u00fa bal\u00edkov\u00e9 ceny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie ako kombinovan\u00e9 n\u00e1klady samostatn\u00fdch sprostredkovate\u013eov.<\/p>\n

\n

Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n

Medzi spolo\u010dnosti poskytuj\u00face coln\u00e9 slu\u017eby pre dovoz z Vietnamu patria VNT Logistics, JojoShip Vietnam, KMG, TOGHN\/ILT, FasTrans a MBF Vietnam. T\u00edto poskytovatelia pon\u00fakaj\u00fa odborn\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti dokument\u00e1cie, klasifik\u00e1cie k\u00f3dov HS, \u017eiadost\u00ed o povolenie a v\u00fdpo\u010dtu cla. Spolupr\u00e1ca so sk\u00fasen\u00fdmi coln\u00fdmi sprostredkovate\u013emi pom\u00e1ha zabezpe\u010di\u0165 s\u00falad s vietnamsk\u00fdmi v\u00fdvozn\u00fdmi predpismi aj s dovozn\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami USA a z\u00e1rove\u0148 minimalizova\u0165 oneskorenia a neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \n

    Correct HS Code classification ensures accurate duty assessment and prevents costly delays or penalties during customs clearance. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Learning about VNACCS\/VCIS helps you navigate Vietnam's electronic customs system efficiently and avoid common submission errors. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Understanding physical inspections helps you prepare shipments properly and minimize the risk of delays or rejections. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Learning about certificates of origin ensures your shipments meet US customs requirements and avoid unnecessary delays or penalties. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Exploring the ITA can reveal potential duty exemptions for certain electronics, helping you save on import costs. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    Knowing FDA inspection rules helps you avoid shipment rejections and ensures compliance with US food safety standards. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    Understanding GSP eligibility can help you identify opportunities for reduced or eliminated duties on qualifying products. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

    FOB terms are commonly misunderstood. Discover what responsibilities fall on each party and how to avoid costly mistakes in shipping. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  9. \n

    Integrated service providers simplify the import process and reduce risks. Find out how they can help streamline your Vietnam-US shipments. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  10. \n

    CIF terms often confuse importers about who handles customs clearance. Clarify your obligations to ensure smooth delivery of goods. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  11. \n

    Having customs brokers in both countries provides expert guidance and control over your shipments. Discover how this can benefit your business. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  12. \n

    Understanding hidden costs helps you avoid budget overruns and plan for all possible expenses during customs clearance. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  13. \n

    Learning about HS Code Classification helps you optimize product categorization and potentially reduce tariff and clearance costs. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  14. \n

    Minimizing inspection fees can save you money and speed up the clearance process for your shipments. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  15. \n

    Knowing permit requirements in advance helps you avoid costly delays and unexpected charges during customs clearance. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  16. \n

    Securing volume discounts can significantly lower your overall import costs, especially for regular shipments. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  17. \n

    Integrated providers can streamline the process and offer better package rates, saving you time and money on international shipments. ↩<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Navigating Vietnam’s complex customs regulations can lead to costly delays, compliance issues, and unexpected fees. Working with experienced customs brokers […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Vietnam Customs Clearance Companies: Avoid Delays & Fees","_seopress_titles_desc":"Avoid costly delays on Vietnam imports. Our guide reveals top customs brokers for smooth clearance & compliance. Get your goods moving now!","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jojoship-vietnam-freight-fowarder"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1901"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1901\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jojoshipping.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}